Looking for Ephesian workshops: an integrated petrographic, geochemical, and chrono-typological approach to Late Hellenistic Ephesos lamps

Abstract In this pilot study, Late Hellenistic mold-made lamps from Ephesos are investigated by combining chrono-morphological and stylistic features with thin-section petrography neutron activation analysis. Coeval wares of Ephesian production clay samples collected around the site as well published data Bonn database considered local reference material. The results point to a network local/regional workshops sharing facilities and/or labor force dedicated distinct tasks. whole evidence is consistent very beginning nucleated workshop industry able optimize productivity fill demand an increased regional supra-regional market. typological compositional variability latest phases could suggest gradual transfer potting activities towards areas providing better-suited sources.